Basic Terms Refraction of light As a light ray passes from one transparent medium to another, it changes direction; this phenomenon is called refraction of light. How much that light ray changes its direction depends on the refractive index of the mediums. Refractive Index Refractive index is the speed of light in a vacuum (abbreviated c, c=299,792.458km/second) divided by the speed of light in a material (abbreviated v). Refractive index measures how much a material refracts light. Refractive index of a material, abbreviated as n, is defined as n=c/v Snell’s Law In 1621, a Dutch physicist named Willebrord Snell derived...
What is fiber optic cable termination? The purpose of fiber termination is to provide easy ways for fiber cross connection and light wave signal distribution. There are two types of fiber terminations: connector and splicing. Fiber optic cable termination types: Connector Over the last two decades fiber industry manufacturers have developed at least a dozen types of fiber optics connectors. The typical ones are FC, SC, ST, LC, MU, SMA and MTRJ. Splicing Splicing is the process of connecting two bare fibers directly without any connectors. There are two methods of fiber optic splicing: mechanical splicing and fusion splicing. Splicing...
With the continued requirement for expansion and growth in the data center, cabling infrastructures must provide reliability, manageability, and flexibility. Deployment of an optical connectivity solution allows for an infrastructure that meets these requirements for current applications and data rates. Scalability is an additional key factor when choosing the type of optical connectivity. Scalability refers not only to the physical expansion of the data center with respect to additional servers, switches, or storage devices, but also to the infrastructure to support a migration path for increasing data rates. As technology evolves and standards are completed to define data rates, such
5.0 PLOWING VERSUS TRENCHING 5.01 In general, the most desirable and economical method of cable placement in open or rural areas is plowing. Here there will be fewer obstacles to impede the progress of the plowing equipment. Advantages of Plowing: Speed of installation in open areas Less ground disturbance than may be caused by trenching Disadvantages of Plowing: Large size and high cost of equipment Requires skilled equipment operators, quality supervision, and equipment in good condition Can not be used for all soil and terrain conditions Possibility of damaging cables or underground utilities 5.02 In urban or suburban areas where
1.0 GENERAL 1.01 This best practices procedure provides general information for the installation of fiber optic cables in direct buried applications. The methods described are intended for guideline use only, as it is impossible to cover all the various conditions that may arise during an installation. Individual company practices for placing fiber optic cable should supersede any conflicting instructions in this document when they do not exceed the cable’s optical and mechanical performance specifications. 1.02 Placement methods for direct buried fiber optic cable are essentially the same as those used for placing direct buried copper cable. However it must be
