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Archived — Fiber Optic Technology

 

Photonics Spectra CCD vs CMOS: Facts and Fiction

Much has been made in the past five years of the potential for CMOS imagers and of the impending demise of the incumbent image-sensing technology,CCDs. Strong claims by the proponents of a resurgent CMOS technology have been countered by equally forceful claims by CCD defenders. In a pattern typical of battling technologies (both with significant merits but also lacking maturity in some regards), users have become leery of performance representations made by both camps. Overly aggressive promotion of both technologies has led to considerable fear, uncertainty and doubt. Imager basics For the foreseeable future, there will be a significant role

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MECHANICAL FIBER POLISHING (2)

POLISHING TECHNIQUES Critical to proper polishing is the applied process–the technique–that results in meeting the various specifications. Early connectors were all produced with flat end-faces, which were specified to be close (the linear tolerance on the SMA, for example, being 8 microns), but too specifically avoid actual contact. As Polishing evolved the PC (Physical Contact) concept was developed–spherical end-faces, with the fibers making actual physical contact–The PC finish resulted in much improved performance because air-gap was eliminated which allowed increased light wave transmission. The early PC connectors, preceding development of the now common pre-radiused ferrules, required spherical forming of their

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MECHANICAL FIBER POLISHING (1)

Connectors play a key role in fiber optic communications. The finish of a polished connector’s end face determines the quality of its light wave transmission. Consequently, all polished connectors used for communications are required to comply with a strict set of standards and specifications. Some people in the field think the highest levels of performance have been reached, while others believe there is room for improvement. The labor force developed for this field is made up of technicians whose tools have evolved from manual devices into precision machinery. These machines, combined with an experienced work force, are creating the path

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Power over Ethernet and Fiber Optic Networks

Traditional Telephony VoIP and PoE Voice over IP is a network-based telephone service. Since VoIP doesn’t derive it’s power from the telephone company central office, other means of backup power are needed. Power Over Ethernet was originally intended to provide VoIP with a source of backup power. It simulates the traditional telephone’s availability during power outages and provide 911 service at all times. PoE-IEEE 802.3af provides 48Vdc power over 2 of 4 available pairs on Category UTP cable. After line loss, about 13W of power are available VoIP and Fiber VoIP and PoE are complimentary but they are not codependent.

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WANDER—A CRITICAL PARAMETER FOR NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION

Application Whether in fixed telephone networks or in the field of mobile telephony (with the new 3G systems), traffic in the network is constantly increasing. With more and more information being transported at higher and higher data speeds, synchronization of traffic in networks is becoming increasingly important. How can you verify that your network is synchronized? And what are the consequences if it is not? Synchronization of SDH Networks Telecommunications’ reliability is based on data signals being synchronized and clocked using the same clock throughout the network. The basic clock in European telecom networks (SDH, or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy networks)

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