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1. Light Pulse Dispersion and the Reasons In digital communication systems, information is encoded in the form of pulses and then these light pulses are transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver. The larger the number of pulses that can be sent per unit time and still be resolvable at the receiver end, the larger is the capacity of the system. However, when the light pulses travel down the fiber, the pulses spread out, and this phenomenon is called Pulse Dispersion. Pulse dispersion is shown in the following figure. Pulse dispersion is one of the two most important factors that

The attenuation of an optical fiber measures the amount of light lost between input and output. Total attenuation is the sum of all losses. Optical losses of a fiber are usually expressed in decibels per kilometer (dB/km). The expression is called the fiber’s attenuation coefficient α and the expression is where P(z) is the optical power at a position z from the origin, P(0) is the power at the origin. For a given fiber, these losses are wavelength-dependent which is shown in the figure below. The value of the attenuation factor depends greatly on the fiber material and the manufacturing

1. Light is an Electromagnetic Wave Fundamentally, light wave is an electromagnetic wave which is described by Maxwell’s Equations. It is composed of electric and magnetic fields. These two fields are perpendicular to each other and to the direction in which the light travels. This is shown in the following figure. The electric and magnetic field amplitude varies with time as a sine wave, just like a since function in trigonometry. Wavelength: Wavelength is the distance between two nearest amplitude positive peaks. The amplitude rises from 0 to a positive peak, goes through 0, goes to negative peak, then returns

You can order fiber splice closure here: Outside Plant Closures Question: What factors should I know before I decide on a splice closure for an OSP installation? Answer: 1) First of all you have to know your splice closure application. Is it aerial installation? Or is it buried installation? And so forth. 2) Know your splice Count and splice type – How many fiber splices does the closure need to hold? Are they fusion splices, mechanical splices or a combination of both? Some closures can be purchased with additional sealed ports that can be opened to accommodate new fibers that

The loss associated with mode field diameter (MFD) mismatch between single mode fibers is Differences in the mode field diameter between single mode fibers (of the same type or different types) lead to a signal loss. The above equation can be used to estimate the loss and can be used with the measured or specified MFD, or the uncertainty of the MFD. The user should realize that MFD is a function of wavelength and changes across the G and L bands, as illustrated below.     There are several companies manufacturing dispersion devices. Each company should supply MFD and Aeff